Art of metal-working.



E.'T. GREENFIELD.

ART 0F METAL WORKING.

APPLICATION FIILED NOV. 14. ms.

27, 191.7. 2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Patented Feb.

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E. T. GREENFIELD.

ART or METAL woaKmc. I

APP LICATlON FILED NOV.14, I913- I Patented Feb. 27,1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

EDWIN T. GREENFIELD, F KIAMESHA, NEW YORK.

ART OF METAL-WORKIN G.

Application filed November 14, 1913. Serial No. 800,992.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN T. GREENFIELD, a citizen of the United States,and resident of Kiamesha, of New York, Invention in the Art ofMetal-Working, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is directed to a novel 7 method of forging metal wires orrods, and

it has for its objects.

First, to very such products.

Second, to increase the speed with which i such products are produced.

Third, to p'roducea product which is bet-- ter in quality than isproduced by methodschin'e'and emerging and mechanism heretoforeutilized.

My invention embraces a novel method whereby Iproduce a forging orrollingef feet, so to speak, upon metal wires or rods.

I accomplish this result by continuously heatinga Wire or rod to betreated, as it is drawn into a machine, to white heat known inthe art asputty heat, and feeding the same simultaneously as thus heated into apair of rolls which forge or roll the wire or rod into definiteproportions without increasing the length thereof and without materialchange of area of the cross section. These rolls are so con-' structedand proportioned and the relative speed of the driving mechanism thereofis such that the product, as it is forged or rolled by the machine,acted upon, which is generally of clrcular cross section, and in suchmanner that it is of equal rectangular, curvlllnear, or other flattenedcross section without substantially varying the molecular condition andthat the length of the wire or rod is not substantially changed, inother words the Wire or rod is reduced in thickness and correspondinglycaused to flow transversely or laterally so as to produce acomparatively wide flattened strip. This transverse or lateral flow isin a direction at right angles to the direction in which the reducingpressure is applied, that is in a direction parallel to the axes of therolls.

For a full and clear understanding of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to construct the apparatus and practice themethod hereinafter claimed, ref- Specification of Letters Patent.

county of Sullivan, and State have made a new and useful looking at Fig.

greatly diminish the cost of I are so designed that they 1n all of whichlike numerals represent like is varied from the product Patented Feb.

erenee is had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a planview partly in horizontal section of my improved machine; and Fig. 2 isa side elevational View as seen the top of the drawings, parts of thedrawmg being broken away and parts of the circular dies shown in dottedlines-to more clearly illustrate the invention.

Fig. 3. is an enlarged side elevational view as seen looking at1Fig.'-lfrom left to right in the direction of the'arrows', the

operative parts'of the rolls'being shown in sectional view with a roundor drawn wire entering the same at the bottom of the ma- 7 at the top incompleted rolled, flattened, orstrip form and substantially slightlycurvilinear in cross section.

1 from the bottom toward Fig. 4 is an enlarged, cross sectional detailView of the circular dies used with the machine for effecting p therolling, forging operation; illustrating also the connection thereof tothe flanges of the gear-wheels which drive the same.

eferring now to the drawings in detail,

parts wherever used, 1 represents the metal rear standards. 7 and 7- aretwo rear intermeshing gear-wheels keyed respectively to the shafts'4 and6, and 8, 8

tively and upon different centers.v IOrepresents the driving pulley uponthe driving shaft 1. 11 and 12 representdetachable rolling diesforeffecting the mode of operationto be accomplished, said dies being ofhardened steel or other very refractory metal and circular in form,thedie 11 beare two front .intermeshing gear-wheels keyed respectively 5to the shafts d and 5. 9 and 9represent the bodies of the two"cooperating roll hi h 1 bodies are keyed to shafts 6 and 5 respec- Yroll the one within the other.

ter

ing secured to the face of the body 9 by screws 13, so as to bedetachable for chang ing the same or for effecting repairs in the eventof injury (see Fig. 4 the die 12 being radially held by the body 9 by aplurality of radial set-screws 14.

hen the machine is assembled these two rolling dies are secured byscrews 13 and 14 in the manner indicated with a portion of the die 12entering a guiding channel at 15 and with a flange portion of die 11engaging the die 12 adjacent to the reference charac- 17. The dies 11and 12 have cooperating rolling surfaces which provide a pass 16 betweenthem of the form it is desired to have the metal assume after theproduct is completely forged. In the present instance the resultingproduct is shown to be of curvilinear form, although it may berectangular or of various angular forms, in accordance with the desireof the manufacturer to make any peculiar form of goods,

this matter being one which will suggest itself to those skilled in theart.

In constructing the several parts of the machine it is necessary thatthe exterior circular die 11, which is in effect the working portion ofan annular roll, be of greater diameter than the interior circular die12, which is in effect the working portion of a companion roll thatcooperates with said annular roll, since these dies are adapted to Inorder to prevent frictional drawing of the metal and to produce rollingeffect only, it is necessary to make the pitch diameters of the severagearwheels 7, 7" and 8,8 of different proportions, such that thelinearvelocities of the two dies shall be the .same on their workingsurfaces. This will be apparent, in view of the fact that the diameterof the interior working face of the exterior die 11 is greater than thediameter of the exterior working face of the interior die 12, and byproperly proportioning the pitch circles of the gear-wheels the workingsurfaces of the two dies may be given exactly or substantially the samelinear velocity and not draw the metal but act purely as compressingdies, thus producing a forging effect. 18 is an adjusting lever ports24:, secured to the uprights or standards 2 by bolts 23, the short arm20 of which bears against an adjusting screw 22 provided with a lock-nutwhich bears against a slidable ournal bearing of the shaft 5 the longarm 21 bearing against a very strong spiral spring 25 resting againstthe lower part of the standard 2.

It is the function of this part of the apparatus to slidingly adjust theshaft 5 of the body 9 of the inner roll and the inner die 12, in theevent of the metal, in the act of being forged, becoming suddenlycooled, so as to thereby avoid breakage of the machine,

pivoted at 19 to two supas these parts are all slidc ble upon thestandards 2 and hence adj ustc ble in a reverse direction by twoadjusting screws and locknuts 26 which bear against a shoulder on theupper part of the standards 2. 27 is an inclined cylindrical tubularguide-way attached to the base 1 of the machine and w represents thewire as it is fed therethrough into the dies 11 and 12 from below, 8representing the completed product in the nature ofa strip ofcurvilinear cross section as it emerges therefrom above. 7

The operation of the mechanism: is as followsThe wire as it is forcedforward is heated to white heat in any well known manner and as littletension as possible is exerted thereon as it passes through the guideway27 into the dies 11 and 12, it being important that said dies shall actupon the metal solely to compress, that is, thin or reduce, the samebetween their compressing surfaces, as it is forced forward by the powerdriven gear-wheels, as clearly shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2. As it isthus forced forward the relative proportions of the drive wheels of thetwo dies are such that they act upon the metal solely by pressure and inno sense produce a substantial drawing effect. The pass between the diesis of sufficient width so that the metal can flow transversely orlaterally while it is being reduced by the dies and the metal will flowlaterally since it is prevented from flowing longitudinally or beingelongated due to the bite or resistance of the dies. In other words thisflow, transversely or laterally, is a flow substantially parallel to theaxes of the rolls, or looked at from a different point of view is a flowin a. direction at right angles to the direction in which the reducingpressure of the dies is applied to the work. It is a transverse orlateral flow along the reducing faces of the pass between the rolls. Atthe same time, when the metal reaches the point shown by the dottedlines, on the extreme right in Fig. 2, it assumes the curvilinear shapein cross section and the area of the dies is such at this point that theproduct is given the shape shown at the top of Fig. 3 and does notchange the relative density thereofynor does this action in any sensesubstantially change'the length of the wire or rod as it passes throughthe dies, so that with my improved method I am enabled to produce aproduct which is made from drawn wires or rods and is not changedsubstantially in density nor substantially in cross-sectional areaduring the operation of the entire method, and is produced at a singleact, thus Very greatly decreasing the time required to bring about thisresult.

1 am also enabled to entirely avoid any process of annealing during theoperation, thereby further increasing the efficiency of t is product. Itwill be understood that the dies may be kept cool by the usual practiceof water or cold air jackets, and such devices as are made necessary inkeeping mechanism of this kind in working condition, these matters beingperfectly obvious to those skilled in the art. Different forms ofcircular dies may also be provided for making metal strips of variousforms or for varying the strips of metal, if desired; these mattersbeing also entirely obvious in view of the hereinbefore describedmechanism and method of operation of the same.

While in the claims a rod is referred to still this expression is to bebroadly construed so as to includewhat is knownin the trade as a wireelongated strip of uniform cross section.

From what has preceded, and also from drawings, it will be an inspectionof the noted that when a metal wire or rod is com pressed within theopposing dies herein illustrated there is applied to successive portionsof the wire or rod an uninterrupted continuous forging pressure,vand itwill be noted that the dies confine the material which is between themso as to prevent, the

longitudinal fiow of such material whereby a substantial elongation ofthe wire or rod cannot take place, and that the dies are furthermoreshaped so as to permit a transverse flow of the material being thenoperated upon as the forging pressure of the dies is applied to the topand bottom portions of the wire or rod being treated.

The improvements herein set forth are not limited to the preciseconstruction and arrangement shown and described for they may beembodied or realized in various forms and modifications within the scopeof the appended claims without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe invention.-

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent of the United States is 1. The described method of metalstrip, consisting in subjecting a rod to a reducing pressure or forgingeffect which thins and flattens it and simultaneously subjecting it to areacting pressure which limits the extension as the pressure actiontakes place while at the same time permitting the flow laterally in adirection at right angles to the reducing pressure whereby thecrosssectional area of the product after it is subtantially rolled isthe same as the cross-sectional area of the rod before it was rolled.

2. The described method of producing a metal strip from a rod consistingin first heating the rod to white heat, then subjects ing successiveportions of it to a roll forging action of rolls which reduce the rodand which rolls have a pass between them shaped so that it allows thematerial being reduced to spread laterally in a direction parallel to orthe like, that is, an,

producing a material being reduced to ofthe rolls whereby the resultingbe of substantially the same length jecting said successive portions toa reacting V rolling pressure which substantially limits thelongitudinal extension of the rod as the a roll forging action takesplace so that the cross-sectional area is rolled is substantially thesame as the cross-sectional area of the product after it rolled. 3. Thedescribed method of producing a metal strip, consisting in first heatinga rod or wire to white heat, then subjecting'it to a reducingpressurewhich flattens and spreads it in a directionat right anglesto the lineof reducing pressure, and simultaneously subjecting it to areacting'pressure which limits the extension and insures the spreadingas the pressure action takes place, so that the sectional area of theproduct or resultingstrip after the rolling is the same as the sectionalarea fore it was rolled.-

' 4. A method of forging a strip of material from a metal rod, which:method comprisesthe subjecting of saidrod to an uninterrupted continuousreducing pressure of opposing dies while confining the material that isbetween said vdies so as to prevent a substantial elongation of themetal in the rod and while permitting a transverse flow of metal in adirection at right angles to the line of reducing pressure as the rewillnot be a substantial elongation of the. portion being operated uponwhile said forging reducing said dies to top and bottom portions of therod being treated.

6. In the making of flattened strips the method which comprises passinga rod between opposing rolls that are shaped so as to restrain the rodagainst substantial elongation while applyingreducing pressure to therod and permitting the material being treated to flow laterally atsubstantially right angles to the line of reducing pressure.

7. Almethod. of forging a strip of ma'' terial from a metal rod whichmethod comprises the subjecting terrupted continuous reducing pressureof opposing rolls while confining the material that is between saidrolls so as to prevent any substantial longitudinal flow of the materialin the rod and, simultaneously permitofthe wire or rod be;

the material along- 7 the reducing faces of the dies whereby therepressure is applied by of said rod to an uninof the product after itting a transverse flow tion substantially parallel to the aXes of therolls as the reducing pressure is applied to structed so as to permit alateral flow of the material in the rod in a direction parallel to theaxes of the rolls, said rolls also being constructed so that thisreducing action will be carried out without causing a substantialelongation of the portion of the rod being operated upon while saidforging reducing pressure is being applied by said rolls to the oppositeportions of the rod being treated.

9.111 the rolling ofmetals the method which comprises subjectingsuccessive portions of a rod to the action of opposing dies whichrestrain the rod against substantial material elongation, applyingreducing Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, byaddressing the of metal in a directhat is between said'rolls so as tosubstantially prevent the longitudinal flow of the metal in a directionparallel to the axes of therolls as the reducing pressure issuccessively appliedto said red by means of said rolls.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDl/VIN T. GREEN FIELD.

Witnesses:

C. J. KINTNER, M. KEATING.

Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

